Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra

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country. Ukraine

year of inscription. 1990

criteria. Cultural

Struve Geodetic Arc

countries. Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

year of inscription. 2005

criteria. Cultural

One aspect of academic study that was recorded as far back as the 4th century BCE was establishing the size and shape of Earth. In the 16th century CE, a method known as triangulation was devised to do this. To apply this calculation with greater precision, between 1816CE and 1855CE, astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve established point stations over a long distance. From Hammerfest, Norway along the Arctic Ocean to Staro-Nekrasovka, Ukraine on the Black Sea coast, 265 point stations were established in 10 countries, stretching over 2820km. These stations included a huge variety of forms, including small holes drilled in rocks, some of which were filled with lead; cross-shaped engraved marks on rocks; solid stone or brick with a marker; rock structures (cairns) with a central stone or brick marked by a drilled hole; individual bricks; or specially constructed obelisks or other monuments.

The WHS is composed of 34 of these original point stations in the following locations:

• Norway: four stations in the county of Troms og Finnmark;
• Sweden: four stations in provinces of Lapland and Norrbotten;
• Finland: six stations in the regions of Lapland, Central Finland, Uusimaa, and Kymenlaakso;
• Russia: two stations in Leningrad oblast;
• Latvia: three stations in the municipalities of Ergli, Jekabpils, and Jaunjelgava;
• Lithuania: three stations in the counties of Panevezys and Vilnius;
• Belarus: five stations in the regions of Grodno and Brest;
• Ukraine: four stations in the Khmelnitsky and Odessa oblasts; and
• Moldova: one station in Soroca district.

Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe

countries. Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Ukraine

year of inscription. 2007 (extensions: 2011, 2017)

criteria. Natural

This is a transnational WHS which spreads across twelve countries. At the end of the last Ice Age, the European Beech was confined to a few areas in the Alps, Carpathians, Dinarides, Mediterranean, and Pyrenees. From thence, its adaptability and tolerance of different physical conditions have allowed it to spread across the whole of Europe. This WHS includes areas in Europe where virgin beech forests remain intact.

The protected areas can be found in the following regions:

• Albania: counties of Elbasan and Kukës
• Austria: states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Upper Austria
• Belgium: province of Brabant
• Bulgaria: provinces of Gabrovo, Lovech, Plovdiv, Sofia, and Stara Zagora
• Croatia: counties of Lika-Senj and Zadar
• Germany: states of Brandeburg, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Thuringia
• Italy: regions of Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio, and Tuscany
• Romania: counties of Brașov, Caraș-Severin, Gorj, Maramureș, Mehedinți, Suceava, and Vâlcea
• Slovakia: region of Prešov
• Slovenia: municipalities of Ilirska Bistrica, Kočevje, and Loška Dolina
• Spain: communities of Castile-La Mancha, Castile and León, Madrid, and Navarre
• Ukraine: oblasts of Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytskyi, Lviv, and Zakarpattia