Town of Bamberg

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1993

criteria. Cultural

In the 10th century, Bamberg grew to be an important town with links to the Slavic peoples from Poland and Pomerania. In 1007, when Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, was crowned king of Germany, he appointed Bamberg as the seat of a bishopric, intending for it to become a “second Rome”. The town prospered especially in the 12th century, and its resultant architecture was to influence other urban areas in northern Germany and Hungary. In the 18th century, it was the centre of Enlightenment in southern Germany, with eminent philosophers and writers like Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and E. T. A. Hoffman basing themselves there.

Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment)

countries. Austria, Germany, and Slovakia

year of inscription. 2021

criteria: Cultural

At its zenith, the boundary of the Roman Empire stretched over 5,000km, from the Atlantic coast of northern Britain, through Europe from the North Sea to the Black Sea, and then to the Red Sea and across North Africa to the Atlantic coast. The modern term for this border defence and delimiting system is limes, and existed in the form of walls, ditches, forts, fortresses, watchtowers, and civilian settlements. Today, elements of the limes have been destroyed, excavated, or reconstructed.

The conservation of the limes as WHS has been categorised into the following three distinct sites:

• Frontiers of the Roman Empire
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment)
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes

The Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) WHS is composed of the sites along the western segment of the Danube River, which demarcated the parts of the northern reach of the Empire. There are a total of 77 component sites and locations: 24 locations in Germany, 47 locations in Austria, and 6 locations in Slovakia. Hungary, which was one of the constituent countries seeking to list this WHS, withdrew its participation at short notice. Nonetheless, the remaining three state parties proceeded and the WHS was inscribed in 2021.

Frontiers of the Roman Empire (formerly: Hadrian's Wall)

country. Germany and United Kingdom

year of inscription: 1987; extension & re-naming: 2005; extension: 2008

criteria: Cultural

At its zenith, the boundary of the Roman Empire stretched over 5,000km, from the Atlantic coast of northern Britain, through Europe from the North Sea to the Black Sea, and then to the Red Sea and across North Africa to the Atlantic coast. The modern term for this border defence and delimiting system is limes, and existed in the form of walls, ditches, forts, fortresses, watchtowers, and civilian settlements. Today, elements of the limes have been destroyed, excavated, or reconstructed.

The conservation of the limes as WHS has been categorised into the following three distinct WHS:

• Frontiers of the Roman Empire
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment)
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes

The Frontiers of the Roman Empire WHS is composed of the following components:

• Hadrian’s Wall: remnants of a 118km-long wall in England, United Kingdom, built in 122 CE, marking the northern boundary of the Roman province of Britannia, declared a WHS in 1987
• Upper German-Raetian Limes: a 550km-long stretch of fortifications between the Rhine and Danube in Germany, built in stages in the course of the 2nd century CE, marking a cultural divide between the Romanised world and non-Romanised Germanic peoples; added to the WHS in 2005
• Antonine Wall: remains of a 60km wall in Scotland, United Kingdom, built in 140s CE, between River Forth and River Clyde, in an attempt to extend the reach of the Roman Empire in Britain; added to the WHS in 2008

Altogether, the three components are registered across 439 locations.

This WHS was first inscribed in 1987 as Hadrian’s Wall. With the addition of the Upper German-Raetian Limes in 2005, it was re-named to its current title, and further extended in 2008.

Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1996

criteria. Cultural

Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) and Philip Melanchthon (1497 – 1560) objected to the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church then and their resulting protests launched the Protestant Reformation. This ushered in a new era in the religious – and consequently, political – history of the Western world. The component sites in the towns of Eisleben and Wittenberg, which are places associated with the lives of these two reformers, including the castle church in Wittenberg where Luther posted his 95 Theses in 1517, were inscribed as a WHS in 1996.

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau (formerly: Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar and Dessau)

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1996; extension & re-naming: 2017

criteria. Cultural

The Bauhaus School, originally in Weimar and then in Dessau, revolutionised architectural and artistic thought and practice from 1919 – 1933. The professors – Henry van de Velde, Walter Gropius, Hannes Meyer, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy and Wassily Kandinsky – of the school launched the Modern Movement, which went on to deeply influence 20th century architecture. The properties listed in this WHS are quintessential examples of Classical Modernism. In its original listing, it was made up of three buildings in Weimar and eight in Dessau. Its 2017 extension went on to include another five buildings in Dessau and one in Bernau.

Berlin Modernism Housing Estates

country. Germany

year of inscription. 2008

criteria. Cultural

Between 1910 and 1933, Germany was under the Weimar Republic, and its capital city of Berlin was regarded as being progressive in many aspects, including socially, politically, and culturally. In attempts to better the lives of people with lower incomes, novel housing development projects providing new technical and aesthetic takes on architecture, urban planning, and garden design were created. Architects who worked with these projects include: Bruno Taut, Martin Wagner, and Walter Gropius.