ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz

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country. Germany

year of inscription. 2021

criteria. Cultural

Town of Bamberg

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1993

criteria. Cultural

In the 10th century, Bamberg grew to be an important town with links to the Slavic peoples from Poland and Pomerania. In 1007, when Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, was crowned king of Germany, he appointed Bamberg as the seat of a bishopric, intending for it to become a “second Rome”. The town prospered especially in the 12th century, and its resultant architecture was to influence other urban areas in northern Germany and Hungary. In the 18th century, it was the centre of Enlightenment in southern Germany, with eminent philosophers and writers like Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and E. T. A. Hoffman basing themselves there.

Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment)

countries. Austria, Germany, and Slovakia

year of inscription. 2021

criteria: Cultural

At its zenith, the boundary of the Roman Empire stretched over 5,000km, from the Atlantic coast of northern Britain, through Europe from the North Sea to the Black Sea, and then to the Red Sea and across North Africa to the Atlantic coast. The modern term for this border defence and delimiting system is limes, and existed in the form of walls, ditches, forts, fortresses, watchtowers, and civilian settlements. Today, elements of the limes have been destroyed, excavated, or reconstructed.

The conservation of the limes as WHS has been categorised into the following three distinct sites:

• Frontiers of the Roman Empire
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment)
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes

The Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) WHS is composed of the sites along the western segment of the Danube River, which demarcated the parts of the northern reach of the Empire. There are a total of 77 component sites and locations: 24 locations in Germany, 47 locations in Austria, and 6 locations in Slovakia. Hungary, which was one of the constituent countries seeking to list this WHS, withdrew its participation at short notice. Nonetheless, the remaining three state parties proceeded and the WHS was inscribed in 2021.

Frontiers of the Roman Empire (formerly: Hadrian's Wall)

country. Germany and United Kingdom

year of inscription: 1987; extension & re-naming: 2005; extension: 2008

criteria: Cultural

At its zenith, the boundary of the Roman Empire stretched over 5,000km, from the Atlantic coast of northern Britain, through Europe from the North Sea to the Black Sea, and then to the Red Sea and across North Africa to the Atlantic coast. The modern term for this border defence and delimiting system is limes, and existed in the form of walls, ditches, forts, fortresses, watchtowers, and civilian settlements. Today, elements of the limes have been destroyed, excavated, or reconstructed.

The conservation of the limes as WHS has been categorised into the following three distinct WHS:

• Frontiers of the Roman Empire
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment)
• Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes

The Frontiers of the Roman Empire WHS is composed of the following components:

• Hadrian’s Wall: remnants of a 118km-long wall in England, United Kingdom, built in 122 CE, marking the northern boundary of the Roman province of Britannia, declared a WHS in 1987
• Upper German-Raetian Limes: a 550km-long stretch of fortifications between the Rhine and Danube in Germany, built in stages in the course of the 2nd century CE, marking a cultural divide between the Romanised world and non-Romanised Germanic peoples; added to the WHS in 2005
• Antonine Wall: remains of a 60km wall in Scotland, United Kingdom, built in 140s CE, between River Forth and River Clyde, in an attempt to extend the reach of the Roman Empire in Britain; added to the WHS in 2008

Altogether, the three components are registered across 439 locations.

This WHS was first inscribed in 1987 as Hadrian’s Wall. With the addition of the Upper German-Raetian Limes in 2005, it was re-named to its current title, and further extended in 2008.

Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1996

criteria. Cultural

Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) and Philip Melanchthon (1497 – 1560) objected to the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church then and their resulting protests launched the Protestant Reformation. This ushered in a new era in the religious – and consequently, political – history of the Western world. The component sites in the towns of Eisleben and Wittenberg, which are places associated with the lives of these two reformers, including the castle church in Wittenberg where Luther posted his 95 Theses in 1517, were inscribed as a WHS in 1996.

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau (formerly: Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar and Dessau)

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1996; extension & re-naming: 2017

criteria. Cultural

The Bauhaus School, originally in Weimar and then in Dessau, revolutionised architectural and artistic thought and practice from 1919 – 1933. The professors – Henry van de Velde, Walter Gropius, Hannes Meyer, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy and Wassily Kandinsky – of the school launched the Modern Movement, which went on to deeply influence 20th century architecture. The properties listed in this WHS are quintessential examples of Classical Modernism. In its original listing, it was made up of three buildings in Weimar and eight in Dessau. Its 2017 extension went on to include another five buildings in Dessau and one in Bernau.

Berlin Modernism Housing Estates

country. Germany

year of inscription. 2008

criteria. Cultural

Between 1910 and 1933, Germany was under the Weimar Republic, and its capital city of Berlin was regarded as being progressive in many aspects, including socially, politically, and culturally. In attempts to better the lives of people with lower incomes, novel housing development projects providing new technical and aesthetic takes on architecture, urban planning, and garden design were created. Architects who worked with these projects include: Bruno Taut, Martin Wagner, and Walter Gropius.

Palaces and Gardens of Potsdam and Berlin

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1990 (extensions: 1992, 1999)

criteria. Cultural

This ensemble of sites includes some 500 ha of parks and 150 buildings that were constructed between 1730 CE and 1916 CE, and designed by the most regarded architects and landscape gardeners of northern Germany in their time. The whole complex extends from Potsdam into the district of Berlin-Zehlendorf, Berlin, in a region with a natural setting of rivers, lakes, and hills, based on conceptual plans by Peter Joseph Lenné made after the mid-1800s.

Water Management System of Augsburg

country. Germany

year of inscription. 2019

criteria. Cultural

The site is composed of a system of man-made structures which exhibits technical knowledge in harnessing water for use. The network includes: sources of potable spring water and process river water, a network of canals and a complex of watercourses, water towers dating from the 15th – 17th centuries that housed both water wheels and turbines that served as water pumps, a water-cooled butchers’ hall from the 17th century, a system of three monumental, artistic water fountains, the Hochablass Waterworks which represents modern cutting-edge hydraulic engineering of the late-19th century, hydropower stations, and hydroelectric power stations that continue to function today.

Mines of Rammelsberg, Historic Town of Goslar and Upper Harz Water Management System

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country. Germany

year of inscription. 1992 (modifications: 2008, 2008; extension: 2010)

criteria. Cultural

Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania

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country. Romania

year of inscription. 1993 (extension: 1999)

criteria. Cultural

Historic Centre of Cordoba

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country. Spain

year of inscription. 1984 (extension: 1994)

criteria. Cultural

Old City of Dubrovnik

country. Croatia

year of inscription. 1979 (extension: 1994; modification: 2018)

criteria. Cultural

Dubrovnik is in the county of Dubrovnik-Neretva, on the Dalmatian coast. Dubbed the “Pearl of the Adriatic”, the port-city arose in importance from the 13th century CE onwards. Despite damage from a massive earthquake in 1667CE and armed conflict in the 1990s, Dubrovnik has managed to preserve its old city, with its Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture.

The WHS site was listed in 1979 under Yugoslavia. With its independence in 1991, the State Party was then re-defined as Croatia.

Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps

countries. Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland

year of inscription. 2011

criteria. Cultural

Of the 937 known archaeological pile-dwelling sites in six Alpine and sub-Alpine European countries, 111 of these small individual sites compose this WHS. Pile-dwellings settlements are made up of stilt houses located on the edges of lakes, rivers, or wetlands, dating back to between 5,000BCE and 500BCE. These rich archaeological sites provide an insight into life in agrarian societies during the prehistoric Neolithic and Bronze Ages.

These 111 sites are found in the following places:

• Austria: states of Carinthia and Upper Austria
• France: regions of Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comte
• Germany: states of Baden-Wurttemburg and Bavaria
• Italy: regions of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige, and Veneto
• Slovenia: statistical region of Central Slovenia
• Switzerland: cantons of Aargau, Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Lucerne, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Vaud, Zug, and Zurich

Fagus Factory in Alfeld

country. Germany

year of inscription. 2011

criteria. Cultural

The Fagus Factory in Alfeld is a complex of ten industrial buildings in the state of Lower Saxony. Designed by Walter Gropius, development began in 1910. Representing a break from factory designs of that era, it serves as a landmark for modern industrial architecture, brought in part by its determination to provide a humanist angle to the social and aesthetic changes caused by industrialisation, and established major elements of functionalist architecture.

Hanseatic City of Lübeck

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1987 (modification: 2009)

criteria. Cultural

Lübeck is a city in the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It was one of the principal cities and a former capital of the Hanseatic League. First founded in the 12th century CE, it prospered until the 16th century CE as a major trading centre in northern Europe, a role that it continues to undertake even today. Despite significant damage during World War II (1939 – 45), the old city retains much of its 15th- and 16th-century churches, buildings, and monuments.

Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1984

criteria. Cultural

This WHS is composed of two sites in the city of Bruhl, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which are amongst the earliest examples of the richness of Rococo architecture in 18th-century CE Germany. This first is Augustusburg Castle, which was the grand residence of the prince-archbishops of Cologne, while the other is Falklenlust, a hunting lodge. The former, set in a lavish garden, was the result of work started by architect Johann Conrad Schlaun in 1725 and eventually completed under the architectural direction of Francois de Cuvilies. Falkenlust, on the other hand, was designed by Francois de Cuvilies, and its construction began in 1729. It is also set in its own park, albeit one which strives to resemble the randomness of a natural site.

Pilgrimage Church of Wies

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1983

criteria. Cultural

The Church of Wies is located in the state of Bavaria. In 1738, a supposed miracle happened with a wooden Christian figurine in the hamlet of Wies. Subsequently, a chapel was built to house the statue, which then became a pilgrimage site for adherents from Germany, Austria, Bavaria, and Italy. As the popularity of the site grew, it was decided that a church would be erected. Work began in 1745 under architect Dominikus Zimmermann, and was completed in 1754. The end-product has since been acknowledged as a Bavarian Rococo masterpiece.

Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square

country. Germany

year of inscription. 2010

criteria. Cultural

This WHS is a Baroque palace, located in the state of Bavaria, is one of the largest and, regarded by many, as one of the most beautiful in Germany. It was created in the 18th century CE under the patronage of Prince-Bishop of Bamberg, Lothar Franz von Schönborn and Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Friedrich Carl von Schönborn. Construction of the main residence was from 1720 – 1744CE, interior decorations from 1740 – 1770CE, and gardens landscaped from 1765 – 1780CE. An international team of architects and artists came together to build and decorate this magnificent edifice.

Aachen Cathedral

country. Germany

year of inscription. 1978

criteria. Cultural

Aachen Cathedral, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, was constructed between 793CE and 813CE, under the aegis of the Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne. It served as his palatine chapel and later, his burial site in 814CE. The Carolingian stone throne in the cathedral was the coronation seat of emperors of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation from the Middle Ages until 1531CE. Additionally, it houses one of the richest troves of ecclesiastical treasures in northern Europe.